Curso 07
Lesson
7 - Sepesma Leciono
Future Tense
The future tense is used when something will or shall happen. The ending for
the future is -os:
Me iros - I will go.
Ni vidos - We shall see.
Vortaro
| armoro | cupboard |
| audar | to hear |
| batar | to beat |
| dansar | to dance |
| dansisto | dancer |
| dop | behind |
| fumar | to smoke |
| gustar | to taste |
| juar | to enjoy |
| klimar | to climb |
| klimero | climber |
| kolino | hill |
| monto | mountain |
| morge | tomorrow |
| vilajo | village |
<a name="ex1"></a>Exerco 1 (Exercise 1)
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex1-s">here</a> to go to
the answers):
1. Me esas, Me esis, Me esos.
2. Vu havas, Vu havis, Vu havos.
3. Il regardas, Il regardis, Il regardos.
4. Tu dansas bone.
5. La automobilo es granda.
6. IMe batos vi.
7. Me helpos il. / Me helpos ad il.
8. Me ne fumas.
9. Ka vu manjos hodie?
10. La klimero venos.
11. Ka ni dansos morge?
12. Me gustos la kuko.
13. Tu juos la biro.
14. La instruktisto fumis.
15. Me divenos dentisto.
16. La vetero es varma hodie.
17. Ka ni fumos sigareto?
18. La hundo di Philip audis la yunino.
19. La uceli kantos morge.
20. La instruktisto ne audis li.
21. Il ne batos la mikra hundo.
22. La dansisto ne dansos hodie.
23. Il pozis la manjajo aden la armoro.
24. La grosa muso manjos la pomo.
25. La porko ne dormos en mea lito!
26. La kamionisto drinkos la wiskio.
27. La fantomo ne aparos dum la jorno.
28. La yuna klimero helpis (a) la olda soldato.
29. El ne klimos la kolino dop la vilajo.
30. La klimero klimos la monto dum la nokto.
Cardinal Numbers
| 1 | un |
| 2 | du |
| 3 | tri |
| 4 | quar |
| 5 | kin |
| 6 | sis |
| 7 | sep |
| 8 | ok |
| 9 | non |
| 10 | dek |
| 11 | dek e un |
| 12 | dek e du |
| 13 | dek e tri |
| 14 | dek e quar |
| 15 | dek e kin |
| 16 | dek e sis |
| 17 | dek e sep |
| 18 | dek e ok |
| 19 | dek e non |
| 20 | duadek |
| 21 | duadek e un |
| 22 | duadek e du |
| 23 | duadek e tri |
| 30 | triadek |
| 40 | quaradek |
| 50 | kinadek |
| 60 | sisadek |
| 70 | sepadek |
| 80 | okadek |
| 90 | nonadek |
| 99 | nonadek e non |
| 100 | cent |
| 101 | cent e un |
| 124 | cent e duadek e quar |
| 200 | duacent |
| 400 | quaracent |
| 1000 | mil |
| 2000 | duamil |
| 3700 | triamil e sepacent |
| 1,000,000 | miliono |
In lesson 6 you learnt the
numbers 1-10. As you can see from the above examples the rest are easy. 'Eleven'
is 'dek e un' (literally 'ten and one'), 'twelve' is 'dek e du', and so on up
to nineteen (dek e non). 'Twenty' - 'duadek' is simply 'dua' (two times) '-dek'
(ten), i.e. twenty. 'Thirty' is 'tria-dek', 'forty' is 'quara-dek', and so on.
'Forty one' (four times ten plus one) is 'quaradek e un', 556 (five times a hundred
and five times ten and six) is 'kinacent e kinadek e sis'.
Vortaro
| amorar | to love |
| banano | banana |
| ca | this (adjective) |
| disko | disc |
| durstoza | thirsty |
| forketo | table fork |
| fratino | sister |
| klaso | class |
| fratulo | brother |
| gorilo | gorilla |
| hungroza | hungry |
| kantisto | singer |
| infanto | child (under 7) |
| kopiuro | copy |
| kuliero | spoon |
| kultelo | knife |
| lampo | lamp/light |
| letro | letter |
| letro-portisto | postman |
| lia | their |
| onklino | aunt |
| pantalono | trousers |
| pendar | to hang (up or down) |
| per | with/by |
| plafono | ceiling |
| planko-sulo | floor |
| ta | that |
| tir-kesto | drawer |
| sua | his/her/their own |
Note:
(1) 'Amoras' means 'loves' (the affection a man and a woman feel for each other).
There is also 'amas' which is the affection a mother feels for for her child,
or a sister for a brother etc.
(2) 'Per' means 'with' in the sense of 'by means of':
Il batis me per bastono. - He beat me with a stick.
It should not be confused with 'kun' which means 'with' in the sense of 'in
the company of':
Il iris kun el a la parko. - He went with her to the park.
Sometimes English 'with' corresponds to some other prepositon:
cf. Havez pacienteso a me. - Have patience 'with' me.
(3) 'Pantalono' - trousers is a singular word in Ido because it constitutes
only one object.
'Pantaloni' would be pairs of trousers.
Also 'binoklo' - a pair of glasses
<a name="ex2"></a>Exerco 2
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex2-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. Duadek kavali.
2. Triadek infanti.
3. Cent kulteli.
4. Quaradek e quar letri.
5. Kinadek e ok kulieri.
6. Sisadek e tri kopiuri.
7. Nonadek e un gorili.
8. Mea matro havas dek e sis kati.
9. Lia instruktisto havas okadek diski.
10. Mea onklino havas sepadek e un flori.
11. Morge me skribos dek e du letri.
12. La gorilo di mea onklino manjis dek e kin banani.
13. La triadek soldati dormis sur la planko-sulo.
14. Triadek e sis lampi pendis de la plafono.
15. En ta urbo laboras sepadek e sis durstoza letro-portisti.
16. La quaradek kulteli esis en la tir-kesto di ca tablo.
17. Hodie la yuni di ca klaso fumis duadek sigareti.
18. Mea yuna fratino trovis cent e du forketi en la armoro.
19. La nonacent e nonadek e non hungroza infanti batis la tablo per sua kulieri.
20. La 2 kantisti vendis duacenta-mil kopiuri de sua nova disko, 'Me amoras
tu'.
Vortifado
-il- (instrument for doing the action shown in the root word):
pektas - combs : pektilo - a comb
skribas - writes : skribilo - something to write with; pen, pencil, etc.
brosas - brushes : brosilo - a brush
plugas - ploughs : plugilo - a plough
pafas - shoots : pafilo - a fire-arm
baras - bars : barilo - barrier
fotografas - photographs : fotografilo - camera
Many special names of instruments exist:
klefo - key, martelo - hammer.
The verbs can be formed by compounding them with the root -ag to do, act:
klefagar - to lock martelagar - to hammer
Vortaro
mixar - to mixe
tranchar - to cut
brosar - to brush
fotografar - to photograph
ludar - to play
apertar - to open
natar - to swim
Note that suffixes can often be used to make an approximate word when the correct
one is not known.
<a name="ex3"></a>Exerco 3
Examples to read and translate (Click <a href="#ex3-s">here</a> to go
to the answers):
1. tranchilo
2. mixilo
3. brosilo
4. fotografilo
5. natili
6. ludilo
7. apertilo
Vortaro
| amiko | friend |
| chokolado | chocolate |
| demandar | to ask |
| donacajo | present (gift) |
| hiere | yesterday |
| ja | already |
| komprenende | of course |
| kunportar | to bring |
| ludilo | toy |
| nasko | dio |
| nia | our |
| omna | all |
| peco | piece |
| partio | party |
| prenez! | take! |
| saluto! | hello!/hi! |
| sukrajo | a sweet |
| til | until |
| tua | your |
| vere | really |
| yaro | year |
| Quante tu evas? | How old are you? |
| Me evas sep yari. | I'm seven. |
Konversado
Sur la strado (A=Alan, B=Bob)
A: Saluto, Bob! Quale tu standas?
B: Saluto, Alan! Hodie es mea nasko-dio.
A: Vere? Quante tu evas?
B: Me evas non yari. Me havis multa ludili: Kamiono, automobilo, soldati e sukraji.
Morge me havos mea partio. Ka tu venos? Mea matro ja demandis a tua matro.
A: Ka mea matro dicis 'yes'?
B: Komprenende!
A: Qui venas a la partio?
B: Omna nia amiki. Li kunportos donacaji. Yen, prenez sukrajo e peco de chokolado!
A: Danko.
B: Til la partio.
A: Til la partio.
General Questions
Note:
| Quakolora? | What colour? |
| Ube? | Where? |
| Che vu | At your house |
| Posdimezo | Afternoon |
| Vespero | Evening |
| Qua? | Who? |
| Quo? | What? |
01) Quakolora es la pordo?
-> Ol es blanka quale nivo (as white as snow).
02) Ube vu dormas? -> En la lito kun mea amorata (loved) spozino.
03) Ka vu dormas dum la jorno? -> No, kompreneble ne. Me sempre devas laborar.
04) Ka vu havas blua automobilo? -> Yes, nam la blua esis chipa.
05) Ka vu drinkas biro? -> No, me esas anti-alkoholisto.
06) Ka vu havas fisheyo che vu? -> Fisheyo che me? Ho, no, ridinde no.
07) Ka vu promenas en la nokto? -> Promenar? No, me pavoras de la nokto.
08) Ka vu laboras en la posdimezo? -> Yes, komprenende. Qua laboras por me?
09) Ka vu drinkas kafeo en la matino? -> Yes, matine kafeo komplete vekigas
me.
10) Quakolora es kafeo? -> Generale ol es nigra ma bruna kande kun lakto.
11) Ka vu iras a la skolo en la vespero? -> No, me ne prizas skoli.
12) Quo es sur la tablo? -> Mea libri. Me lektas libri pri vasta temi.
13) Qua lojas che vu? -> Nulu lojas che me. Mea domo es tre mikra.
14) Ube vu habitas? -> En la strado di Ben-Yehuda.
15) Ka vu havas fratino? -> Yes, me havas un fratino.
Forms of Transport
| aero-navo | airship |
| aeroplano | aeroplane |
| auto(mobilo) | car |
| balonego | balloon |
| batelo | boat |
| biciklo | bicycle |
| dilijenco | stage coach |
| furgono | van |
| fuzeo | rocket |
| helikoptero | helicopter |
| kamiono | lorry |
| lokomotivo | locomotive |
| motorbiciklo | motorbike |
| navo | ship |
| omnibuso | bus |
| spaco-navo | spaceship |
| submerso-navo | submarine |
| treno | train |
| vagono | (railway) carriage |
Answers
of the Exercises
<a name="ex1-s"></a>Exerco 1 (Click <a href="#ex1">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. I am, I was, I will be.
2. You have, You had, You will have.
3. He is looking, He was looking, He will look.
4. You dance well.
5. The car is big.
6. I will beat you.
7. I will help him.
8. I am not smoking.
9. Will you eat today?
10. The climber will come.
11. Will we dance tomorrow?
12. I shall taste the cake.
13. You will enjoy the beer.
14. The teacher was smoking.
15. I shall become a dentist.
16. The weather is warm today.
17. Shall we smoke a cigarette?
18. Philip's dog heard the girl.
19. The birds will sing tomorrow.
20. The teacher did not hear them.
21. He will not beat the small dog.
22. The dancer will not dance today.
23. He put the food in the cupboard.
24. The fat mouse will eat the apple.
25. The pig will not sleep in my bed!
26. The lorry driver will drink the whisky.
27. The ghost will not appear during the day.
28. The young climber helped the old soldier.
29. She will not climb the hill behind the village.
30. The climber will climb the mountain during the night.
<a name="ex2-s"></a>Exerco 2 (Click <a href="#ex2">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. Twenty horses.
2. Thirty children.
3. A hundred knives.
4. Forty-four letters.
5. Fifty-eight spoons.
6. Sixty-three copies.
7. Ninty-one gorillas.
8. My mother has sixteen cats.
9. Their teacher has eighty discs.
10. My aunt has seventy-one flowers.
11. Tomorrow I shall write twelve letters.
12. My aunt's gorilla ate fifteen bananas.
13. The thirty soldiers slept on the floor.
14. Thirty-six lamps hung form the ceiling.
15. Seventy-six thirsty postmen work in that town.
16. The forty knives were in the drawer of this table.
17. Today the children of this class smoked twenty cigarettes.
18. My young sister found a hundred and two forks in the cupboard.
19. The 999 hungry children beat the table with their spoons.
20. The two singers sold 200,000 copies of their new disc, "I love you".
<a name="ex3-s"></a>Exerco 3 (Click <a href="#ex3">here</a> to
return to the exercise)
1. knife
2. a mixer
3. brush
4. camera
5. fish's fins, frogman's flippers
6. toy
7. door handle